Zirid dynasty

A Berber dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya and parts of the central Maghreb from the tenth to twelfth centuries; a branch later ruled Granada.

Sanhaja: A confederation of Berber groups historically prominent across the western and central Sahara and the Maghreb. The Zirids belonged to this confederation, whose alliances shaped their rise.
Ifriqiya: A historical region of North Africa broadly corresponding to modern Tunisia and adjoining areas of Algeria and Libya. It was the Zirids' principal base of government.
Zirid Taifa of Granada: A Muslim kingdom in al-Andalus ruled by a Zirid branch from 1013 to 1090. This branch carried Zirid dynastic rule from North Africa to Granada.
Hilalian migration: The eleventh-century movement of Banu Hilal and related Arab groups from Egypt into the Maghreb. Its social and political effects became central to accounts of Zirid decline.
Fatimid Caliphate: An Isma'ili Shi'a caliphate that ruled parts of North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean from 909 to 1171. Fatimid caliphs appointed the Zirids to govern Ifriqiya.
Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis: A Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya from 1016 to 1062 who broke with the Fatimid Caliphate. His shift to Sunni Abbasid allegiance transformed Zirid-Fatimid relations.
Granada: A city in southern Spain that became the capital of a taifa kingdom and later the Nasrid emirate. Granada was the Andalusi branch's political center.
Kairouan Mosque: A major mosque in Kairouan, Tunisia, whose present form incorporates extensive ninth-century construction. It anchors the religious and urban setting of the Zirid capital.
Buluggin ibn Ziri: The Sanhaja Berber leader who founded the Zirid dynasty in the tenth century. His appointment and rule established the dynasty in the Maghreb.
Banu Hilal: An Arab tribal confederation that migrated into North Africa during the eleventh century. Their migration weakened Zirid control across Ifriqiya.

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