Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma

Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma was a pre-Islamic Arabian poet celebrated for his odes and counted among the authors of the Muʿallaqāt.

Muʿallaqāt: A traditional collection of seven celebrated pre-Islamic Arabic odes, later expanded in some accounts. Zuhayr’s best-known standing comes from inclusion in this collection.
Muʿallaqa of Zuhayr: Zuhayr’s celebrated ode in the Muʿallaqāt, known for praising peacemakers after tribal conflict. It is his defining surviving poem and a central example of his style.
Kaʿb ibn Zuhayr: An early Islamic-era Arabic poet and son of Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma. His career carried the family’s poetic tradition into the Islamic period.
Muruwwa: An Arabic ethical ideal encompassing manly virtue, generosity, courage, and honorable conduct. Zuhayr’s praise poems measure leaders against ideals of generosity and public honor.
Qasida: A classical Arabic ode with a developed structure and often an extended sequence of themes. Zuhayr’s major poems follow the qasida tradition.
Ḥārith ibn ʿAwf: A man praised in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry for helping secure peace between rival tribes. Zuhayr’s ode honors his role in ending the conflict of ʿAbs and Dhubyān.
Bujayr ibn Zuhayr: A son of Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma who became a Muslim during the Prophet Muhammad’s lifetime. His conversion is part of the family’s transition across the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras.
Blood money: Compensation paid to a victim’s kin for homicide or bodily injury under customary or legal systems. The ode presents compensation as a means of ending bloodshed between tribes.
Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry: Arabic poetry composed before the rise of Islam, preserved through oral and written traditions. Zuhayr’s work belongs to this poetic corpus.
Ḥarm ibn Sinān: A leader of the Dhubyān associated with paying blood money to end a tribal war. Zuhayr’s praise links him with the peace settlement commemorated in the ode.

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