17 July Revolution

The 17 July Revolution was the 1968 coup that returned the Ba'ath Party to power in Iraq and ended Abd al-Rahman Arif’s presidency.

Ba'ath Party: A pan-Arab nationalist political party founded in Syria that pursued Arab unity, socialism, and secularism. Its Iraqi branch organized the coup and formed the new government.
14 July Revolution: The 1958 Iraqi revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. It began the republican era in which the 1968 coup unfolded.
Ba'athist Iraq: The Iraqi state under Ba'ath Party rule from 1968 until the party’s overthrow in 2003. The coup inaugurated this period of Ba'athist government.
Ramadan Revolution (Syria): The March 1963 Syrian coup that brought the Syrian Ba'ath Party to power. It offers a neighboring example of Ba'athist military seizure, with a different national trajectory.
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr: An Iraqi Ba'athist politician who served as president of Iraq from 1968 to 1979. He became president after leading the coup’s Ba'athist faction.
Ramadan Revolution: The February 1963 coup in Iraq that brought the Ba'ath Party to power for the first time. Its brief Ba'athist rule supplied experience and unresolved rivalries before 1968.
Saddam Hussein: An Iraqi Ba'athist politician who ruled Iraq as president from 1979 to 2003. He consolidated power within the regime created by the coup.
Iraqi monarchy: The Hashemite kingdom that ruled Iraq from its establishment in 1921 until its overthrow in 1958. The 1968 coup occurred within a republic rather than restoring monarchical rule.
Abd al-Rahman Arif: An Iraqi military officer and politician who served as president from 1966 until 1968. The coup removed his government from power.
Arif regime: The Iraqi governments led by Abd al-Salam Arif and Abd al-Rahman Arif from 1963 to 1968. Its weakening and military divisions opened an opportunity for the coup.

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