Abenomics

Abenomics was the economic policy program pursued under Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe, combining monetary easing, fiscal measures, and structural reforms to end deflation and revive growth.

Quantitative easing: A central bank policy that buys assets to expand reserves and lower borrowing costs when ordinary rate cuts are constrained. The Bank of Japan’s large-scale asset purchases formed Abenomics’ monetary arrow.
Lost Decades: Japan’s prolonged period of weak economic growth and persistent price stagnation beginning after the early-1990s asset bubble collapse. Abenomics was framed as a response to the stagnation that had endured for roughly two decades.
Haruhiko Kuroda: A Japanese economist who served as governor of the Bank of Japan from 2013 to 2023. Kuroda led the central bank’s unprecedented monetary easing under Abenomics.
Japanese yen: The official currency of Japan, issued by the Bank of Japan and used in domestic and international markets. Monetary easing contributed to a weaker yen, affecting exporters, import costs, and household purchasing power.
Japanese fiscal austerity: Policies that restrain Japanese government spending or raise taxes to reduce deficits and public debt. Abenomics favored short-term fiscal support, although consumption-tax increases reflected consolidation pressures.
Negative interest rate policy: A policy that charges interest on some central-bank deposits to encourage lending and spending. The Bank of Japan added negative rates to its easing campaign in 2016.
Japanese asset price bubble: A late-1980s surge in Japanese land and equity prices that collapsed around 1990, leaving financial and economic damage. Its collapse preceded the banking problems and weak demand Abenomics sought to overcome.
Koichi Hamada: A Japanese economist and adviser to Shinzo Abe on economic policy. Hamada helped develop and explain the policy case for monetary expansion.
Tokyo Stock Price Index: A market-capitalization-weighted index of companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange’s Prime Market. Japanese equity prices rose sharply during the early years of Abenomics.
Japanese monetary policy before 2013: The Bank of Japan’s monetary approach before Haruhiko Kuroda became governor in 2013, including earlier easing and inflation-target debates. Abenomics marked a sharper commitment to large-scale easing than the preceding policy stance.

Linked from 5 pages