Abrasive

An abrasive is a hard material used to grind, polish, cut, or wear down another surface. Its effectiveness depends on properties such as hardness, grain shape, and particle size.

Mohs scale: A qualitative ranking of minerals by their resistance to scratching. It compares scratch resistance, a key property when selecting an abrasive.
Diamond: A crystalline form of carbon and the hardest naturally occurring mineral. Its exceptional hardness makes it useful for grinding and cutting very hard materials.
Grinding wheel: A bonded abrasive tool that removes material through rotating grains. It holds abrasive grains in a shaped tool for controlled stock removal.
Machining: Manufacturing processes that remove material from a workpiece using cutting tools. A defined cutting edge distinguishes many machining operations from grain-based abrasion.
Vickers hardness test: A method for measuring hardness by pressing a diamond-shaped indenter into a material. It provides quantitative hardness measurements relevant to abrasive wear.
Silicon carbide: A hard ceramic compound of silicon and carbon, also known as carborundum. It is a sharp, brittle abrasive suited to hard, brittle workpieces.
Sandpaper: A flexible sheet coated with abrasive particles for sanding surfaces. It applies abrasive grains by hand or machine for smoothing and finishing.
Chemical etching: The selective removal of material through chemical reactions at a surface. It removes material chemically rather than through hard-particle contact.
Abrasive wear: Material loss caused when hard particles or rough surfaces slide against a softer material. It describes the broader wear process that abrasive grains produce.
Aluminium oxide: A hard ceramic compound of aluminium and oxygen, commonly called alumina. Its toughness and versatility make it a widely used synthetic abrasive.

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