Achaean War

The Roman campaign against the Achaean League in 146 BCE ended with the League’s defeat and the destruction of Corinth.

Achaean League: A federation of Greek city-states centered in the Peloponnese, revived in the third century BCE. Its confrontation with Rome brought the war about, and its defeat ended its political independence.
Roman Senate: The principal governing council of the Roman Republic, composed of magistrates and former magistrates. Its decisions and envoys shaped Rome’s demands on the Achaean League.
Dissolution of the Achaean League: The abolition of the Achaean League’s independent political organization after its defeat by Rome in 146 BCE. It was the direct constitutional consequence of the League’s military defeat.
Third Macedonian War: The 171–168 BCE war in which Rome defeated King Perseus and ended the Antigonid kingdom of Macedon. Unlike the Achaean War, it toppled a monarchy rather than a Greek federation.
Roman–Achaean War of 198–197 BCE: A conflict in which the Achaean League allied with Rome against Macedon during the Second Macedonian War. The earlier alliance made the League’s later break with Rome especially consequential.
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus: A Roman general who defeated Achaean forces in northern Greece before Mummius took command. His victories weakened the League before the final Roman advance.
Roman province of Macedonia: A Roman province established in 146 BCE encompassing much of the southern Balkans, including mainland Greece. Its creation formalized Rome’s control over Greece after the war.
First Mithridatic War: The 89–85 BCE war between the Roman Republic and Mithridates VI of Pontus across the eastern Mediterranean. Its conflict with a Hellenistic king contrasts with Rome’s war against the Achaean League.
Macedonian Wars: A series of wars between Rome and Macedon that brought Roman power into Greece. Their outcome established the Roman presence that shaped the conditions for the Achaean War.
Battle of Scarpheia: A battle in 146 BCE in which Roman forces defeated an Achaean army led by Critolaus. The defeat shattered the League’s first major field army in the war.

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