Agesilaus II

Agesilaus II was a Spartan king of the Eurypontid dynasty who ruled from about 400 to 360 BCE. He led campaigns against Persia in Asia Minor and fought Sparta’s rivals in Greece.

Battle of Sardis: A battle in 395 BCE in which Agesilaus’s Spartan army defeated a Persian force near Sardis. The victory marked a high point of his campaign in Asia Minor.
Spartan hegemony: The period when Sparta exercised predominant political and military influence over much of Greece. Agesilaus’s campaigns were efforts to sustain this postwar dominance.
Eurypontid dynasty: One of Sparta’s two hereditary royal houses, which supplied one of the city’s two kings. Agesilaus inherited the Eurypontid throne through this royal line.
Pharnabazus: A Persian satrap who governed Hellespontine Phrygia and opposed Spartan operations in Asia Minor. His negotiations with Agesilaus helped secure a temporary truce during the campaign.
Battle of Coronea: A 394 BCE battle in Boeotia in which Agesilaus led Sparta to victory over an anti-Spartan coalition. His return from Asia ended with this hard-fought Greek victory.
Corinthian War: A war from 395 to 387 BCE in which Sparta fought a coalition backed by Persia. Agesilaus’s return from Asia placed him in the wider conflict.
Agis II: A Spartan king of the Eurypontid dynasty who ruled during the Peloponnesian War. His death opened the succession dispute that brought Agesilaus to power.
Tissaphernes: A Persian satrap who contested Spartan influence in Asia Minor before his execution in 395 BCE. Agesilaus fought his forces and used his rivalry with Pharnabazus.
Battle of Leuctra: A 371 BCE battle in which Thebes defeated Sparta and broke its dominance in Greece. It exposed the limits of the Spartan supremacy Agesilaus had defended.
King's Peace: The 387/386 BCE settlement that imposed Persian authority over Greek cities in Asia Minor and set terms for Greek autonomy. The settlement ended the war and formalized the loss of his Asian campaign.

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