Al-Tabari

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (839–923) was a Muslim historian, Quran commentator, and jurist. His universal history and Quran commentary became major works of Islamic scholarship.

Tafsir: Tafsir is the scholarly interpretation and explanation of the Quran. Al-Tabari's Quran commentary became one of the most influential works in this interpretive tradition.
History of the Prophets and Kings: Al-Tabari's universal chronicle traces events from creation through the early Abbasid period. This is the historical work for which al-Tabari is especially renowned.
Isnad: An isnad is the chain of transmitters through whom a report is claimed to have passed. Al-Tabari often preserved reports together with their chains of transmission.
Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid: Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid was a transmitter from whom al-Tabari received reports. He represents the teacher networks through which al-Tabari acquired scholarly material.
Jariri school: The Jariri school was a school of Islamic law founded by al-Tabari and followed by some later scholars. Its rise and eventual disappearance show the limits of al-Tabari's lasting influence as a jurist.
Hadith: Hadith are reports about the words, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. Al-Tabari drew on transmitted reports as evidence in commentary and historical writing.
Tafsir al-Tabari: Tafsir al-Tabari is a comprehensive Quran commentary organized verse by verse. It preserves transmitted interpretations and presents al-Tabari's linguistic and legal reasoning.
Akhbar: Akhbar are transmitted reports about past events, people, or sayings in Arabic historical writing. His chronicle assembles and juxtaposes reports rather than reducing every event to one account.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal: Ahmad ibn Hanbal was a ninth-century Muslim jurist and hadith scholar who founded the Hanbali school. Their differing legal outlooks illuminate the contested boundaries of independent juristic reasoning.
Al-Tabari's Quran commentary in Islamic scholarship: Al-Tabari's Quran commentary is a major source for transmitted interpretations and early exegetical debate. Its extensive citations preserve views that might otherwise have been lost.

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