Alkaline battery

An electrochemical cell that uses an alkaline electrolyte, most commonly a nonrechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide cell. Its discharge reaction converts zinc and manganese dioxide into reaction products while delivering electrical energy.

Zinc–manganese dioxide battery: An electrochemical cell that uses zinc as the anode and manganese dioxide as the cathode material. This is the chemistry used by the common nonrechargeable alkaline cell.
Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. Zinc is the anode during discharge because it releases electrons.
AA battery: A standardized cylindrical battery size commonly used in household electronics. AA cells are a familiar format for alkaline batteries.
Zinc–carbon battery: A primary battery that uses zinc and manganese dioxide with an acidic or near-neutral electrolyte. It shares familiar cell formats with alkaline batteries but generally has lower capacity.
Zinc: A metallic chemical element with atomic number 30 that readily loses two electrons in electrochemical reactions. Zinc oxidation supplies electrons during alkaline-cell discharge.
Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. Manganese dioxide is reduced at the alkaline cell’s cathode during discharge.
AAA battery: A standardized cylindrical battery size smaller than AA, used in compact electronics. Alkaline chemistry is widely sold in this smaller consumer-cell format.
Lithium-ion battery: A rechargeable battery that stores and releases energy through lithium-ion movement between electrodes. Unlike typical alkaline cells, it is rechargeable and uses intercalating electrode materials.
Manganese dioxide: A manganese oxide with formula MnO₂, used as an electrode material in batteries and other applications. It accepts electrons at the positive electrode as the cell discharges.
Oxidation–reduction reaction: A chemical reaction in which electrons transfer between reacting substances. The battery’s electrical output comes from coupled oxidation and reduction reactions.

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