Ankara

Ankara is the capital of the Republic of Turkey and the country’s second-largest city. It became the capital in 1923, replacing Istanbul.

Turkish War of Independence: A conflict from 1919 to 1923 that established Turkish independence and ended Ottoman rule. The nationalist movement headquartered in Ankara during the war helped make the city the new republic’s capital.
Presidency of the Republic of Turkey: The executive office of Turkey’s head of state, based in Ankara. The presidency is one of the central institutions that anchors national government in the city.
Ancyra: The ancient name of Ankara, a settlement known in Greek and Roman periods. The ancient city is the earliest well-known layer beneath modern Ankara.
Istanbul: Turkey’s largest city, spanning the Bosporus between Europe and Asia. Istanbul was the imperial center before Ankara became the republic’s capital, and remains Turkey’s largest city.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: The founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led its early political and social reforms. Atatürk and the national movement he led made Ankara the center of the new state.
Turkish Grand National Assembly building: The Ankara complex where Turkey’s Grand National Assembly convenes. Its chambers are the physical setting for national legislation in the capital.
Ankara Castle: A historic fortress complex on a hill overlooking Ankara’s old city. The citadel marks the older urban core that predates the republican capital.
Constantinople: The historical name of Istanbul, especially as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires. Its imperial history contrasts with Ankara’s role as the capital of the modern republic.
Grand National Assembly of Turkey: Turkey’s legislature, established in Ankara in 1920 during the War of Independence. Its establishment in Ankara gave the city a governing role before the republic was founded.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey: The Turkish government department responsible for foreign relations and diplomacy. Its headquarters place much of Turkey’s diplomatic administration in Ankara.

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