Knowra Antisemitism Antisemitism Antisemitism is hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group. It has taken religious, racial, political, and conspiratorial forms across different societies and periods.
Anti-Judaism : Hostility toward Judaism and Jewish religious practice, historically expressed in theological polemic and persecution. Christian anti-Judaism supplied enduring accusations that later antisemitism adapted.
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion : A fabricated text, first published in Russia in the early twentieth century, claiming to reveal a Jewish plan for world domination. Its forgery gave modern conspiracy theories a reusable narrative of secret Jewish control.
Rhineland massacres : Mass killings of Jewish communities during the First Crusade in 1096 in cities along the Rhine. They show crusading religious violence directed at Jews far from the Holy Land.
Anti-Zionism : Opposition to Zionism, the movement supporting Jewish national self-determination in the historic land of Israel. It can overlap with antisemitism, but opposition to Zionism is not inherently anti-Jewish prejudice.
Blood libel : The false accusation that Jews murder non-Jews, especially Christian children, for ritual purposes. This recurring medieval accusation helped turn religious hostility into lethal conspiracy.
Scapegoating : The practice of blaming a person or group for problems they did not cause. Jews have repeatedly been blamed for crises through scapegoating.
Spanish Inquisition : A tribunal established by the Spanish monarchy in 1478 to investigate heresy, especially among converts from Judaism and Islam. Its scrutiny of converted Jews linked religious suspicion to coercive state power.
Criticism of Israel : Evaluation or condemnation of the policies, institutions, or actions of the state of Israel. Criticism of a state's conduct differs from hostility toward Jews as a group.
Expulsion of Jews from Spain : The 1492 decree that ordered Jews in the Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon to convert or leave. The expulsion shows how religious uniformity became state policy against Jews.
Structural antisemitism : Anti-Jewish bias embedded in institutional rules, practices, or outcomes, whether or not individuals express explicit hatred. It explains discrimination that operates without overt declarations of hostility.
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