Aqueous solution

An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture in which water is the solvent and one or more substances are dissolved.

Solvent: A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution. Water occupies this role in every aqueous solution.
Dissolution: Dissolution is the process by which a substance disperses into a solvent to form a solution. It is the process that produces an aqueous solution from water and a soluble substance.
Acid–base chemistry: Acid–base chemistry studies proton transfer and related reactions between acids and bases. Water enables proton-transfer equilibria that determine many solution properties.
Suspension: A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing particles large enough to settle or be filtered. Unlike a true aqueous solution, its dispersed particles do not remain molecularly uniform.
Solute: A solute is a substance dissolved in a solvent. Its identity and amount distinguish one aqueous solution from another.
Hydration shell: A hydration shell is the ordered arrangement of water molecules surrounding an ion or polar molecule. These shells help keep dissolved particles dispersed in water.
pH: pH is a logarithmic measure related to the activity of hydrogen ions in a solution. It is a standard way to characterize acidity in aqueous solutions.
Colloid: A colloid is a mixture with dispersed particles that are larger than molecules but small enough to resist rapid settling. Colloidal dispersions can look uniform but are not molecular solutions.
Solvation: Solvation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with dissolved particles. Water molecules stabilize the particles dispersed through an aqueous solution.
Hydrogen bond: A hydrogen bond is an attractive interaction involving a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonding shapes water’s interactions with many dissolved molecules.

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