Arthur Wellesley

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, was a British soldier and statesman who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo and served twice as prime minister.

Battle of Waterloo: The 1815 battle in which an allied army led by Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher defeated Napoleon. Wellington's defining victory ended Napoleon's return to power.
Lines of Torres Vedras: A system of fortified defensive lines built north of Lisbon during the Peninsular War. Wellington used these defenses to halt André Masséna's invasion and protect Portugal.
Napoleon: French military and political leader who ruled as emperor and fought wars across Europe. Wellington's victories over Napoleon culminated at Waterloo.
Congress of Vienna: The 1814–1815 diplomatic conference that redrew Europe's political order after Napoleon's defeat. Wellington represented Britain during the negotiations that shaped the settlement after his campaigns.
Arthur Wellesley's Peninsular War campaigns: Wellington's operations in Spain and Portugal against French forces from 1808 to 1814. These campaigns contrast with Waterloo by showing the longer war that made his command reputation.
Peninsular War: The 1807–1814 conflict in Spain and Portugal between French forces and their opponents, including Britain, Portugal, and Spanish resistance. Wellington built his reputation commanding British and Portuguese forces against Napoleon's armies.
Anglo-Portuguese Army: The allied force of British and Portuguese troops that fought under Wellington in the Peninsular War. Its integration made Wellington's campaigns in Iberia possible.
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher: Prussian field marshal whose army joined Wellington's forces at Waterloo to defeat Napoleon. Blücher's arrival helped turn Wellington's defense into an allied victory.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: The head of the British government, who leads the Cabinet and holds office through parliamentary confidence. Wellington held the office from 1828 to 1830 and again briefly in 1834.
Battle of Austerlitz: A 1805 battle in which Napoleon defeated Austrian and Russian armies in a decisive victory. Austerlitz is a celebrated Napoleonic victory against which Waterloo is often compared.

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