Arusha Accords

The 1993 peace agreements between Rwanda’s government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front aimed to end the civil war and share political power.

Arusha Peace Agreement: The August 1993 agreement between Rwanda’s government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front that set terms for ending the civil war. Its protocol provisions formed the accords’ central settlement.
Rwandan Civil War: The 1990–1994 armed conflict between the Rwandan government and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. The accords were negotiated to end this war.
Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana: The destruction of the Rwandan president’s aircraft near Kigali on April 6, 1994, killing Habyarimana and others aboard. The assassination precipitated the collapse of the transition process.
Rwandan Patriotic Front government: The government led by the Rwandan Patriotic Front after its military victory in 1994. It arose through military victory rather than the accords’ planned power-sharing process.
Broad-Based Transitional Government: A proposed interim Rwandan government intended to include the ruling party, opposition groups, and the Rwandan Patriotic Front. The accords assigned it a central role in sharing executive power.
Rwandan Patriotic Front: A political and military movement that challenged Rwanda’s government and took power in 1994. The RPF negotiated the settlement as the government’s principal armed opponent.
Rwandan genocide: The 1994 mass murder in Rwanda, in which Hutu extremists killed Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The genocide began as the accords’ institutions failed to take hold.
Arusha Accords (Tanzania): The 2000 peace agreement that ended the Second Congo War, negotiated in Arusha, Tanzania. This later agreement shares the name and location but concerns a different conflict.
Rwandan Patriotic Army: The military force of the Rwandan Patriotic Front during the civil war. The agreements called for its integration with government forces.
Juvénal Habyarimana: Rwanda’s president from 1973 until his death in 1994. His government signed the agreements with the RPF.

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