ASCII

ASCII is a 7-bit character-encoding standard that assigns numeric values to English letters, digits, punctuation marks, and control characters.

Bit: A bit is a binary digit that has one of two values, conventionally written 0 and 1. ASCII codes are formed from seven binary digits.
ASCII table: An ASCII table lists the standard numeric values and corresponding characters in ASCII. Its rows make the assignments and patterns directly inspectable.
American Standards Association: The American Standards Association was a United States standards organization later renamed the American National Standards Institute. It approved the standard that became ASCII.
Unicode: Unicode is a universal character standard assigning code points to characters used across the world’s writing systems. It extends text representation far beyond ASCII’s limited repertoire.
Character encoding: Character encoding maps characters or text units to numeric codes used to store and transmit text. ASCII is one specific standard within this broader class.
Binary numeral system: The binary numeral system represents numbers using powers of two and the digits 0 and 1. ASCII values are commonly written as seven-bit binary numbers.
Robert W. Bemer: Robert W. Bemer was an American computer scientist who helped develop and promote character-encoding standards. He advocated ASCII’s adoption and helped shape its design.
UTF-8: UTF-8 is a variable-length Unicode encoding that represents ASCII characters with identical one-byte values. Its ASCII-compatible prefix preserves existing text and software conventions.
Control character: A control character is a code point intended to control text processing or communication rather than represent a visible symbol. ASCII reserves values for actions such as line breaks and transmission control.
ASCII control codes: ASCII control codes are the nonprinting values assigned to text-processing and communication functions. They occupy the lower portion of the ASCII code space.

Linked from 7 pages