Auxin

Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates growth, including cell elongation, root formation, and responses to light and gravity. Its effects depend on concentration, tissue, and transport within the plant.

Polar auxin transport: The directional movement of auxin between plant cells, shaped by the asymmetric placement of transport proteins. Transport creates auxin gradients that guide growth and organ formation.
Indole-3-butyric acid: A naturally occurring auxin and widely used rooting hormone that promotes adventitious root formation. It is applied to encourage roots on cuttings.
Plant hormone: A signaling molecule produced by plants that regulates development or responses to environmental conditions. Auxin is one member of this broad signaling class.
Charles Darwin: An English naturalist whose work established evolution by natural selection and included experiments on plant responses to light. His coleoptile experiments suggested that a signal from the tip controls bending.
Auxin signaling: The cellular pathway through which auxin changes gene expression, chiefly by promoting the degradation of Aux/IAA repressor proteins. It explains how auxin levels are translated into altered growth.
2,4-D: A synthetic auxin herbicide used to control many broadleaf weeds. Excessive auxin-like signaling makes susceptible weeds grow abnormally and die.
Apical dominance: The suppression of lateral bud growth by signals associated with the shoot apex. Auxin from the shoot apex helps maintain this growth pattern.
Francis Darwin: An English botanist who collaborated with his father on studies of plant movement and growth. He co-authored the experiments that helped establish the role of the coleoptile tip.
PIN proteins: A family of plant membrane proteins that export auxin and help establish its directional flow. Their uneven placement gives auxin transport its direction.
Plant cutting: A detached plant part used to produce a new plant through vegetative propagation. Auxin treatments can improve root formation on cuttings.

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