Avascular necrosis

Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue after its blood supply is reduced or interrupted. It can weaken bone and lead to collapse of the affected joint surface.

Bone remodeling: The lifelong process in which bone is resorbed by osteoclasts and rebuilt by osteoblasts. Impaired repair cannot keep pace with damage in bone deprived of blood.
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Bone death in the rounded upper end of the femur that forms part of the hip joint. The femoral head is the most familiar site of clinically significant avascular necrosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging: An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed internal images. MRI can detect early marrow changes before plain radiographs show clear damage.
Glucocorticoid: A steroid hormone or drug that influences inflammation, metabolism, and immune activity. Prolonged or high-dose glucocorticoid exposure is a major nontraumatic risk factor.
Osteoarthritis: A joint disorder involving cartilage loss and changes in the underlying bone. It can cause similar joint pain, but begins with a different pattern of tissue damage.
Osteocyte: A mature bone cell embedded in the mineralized bone matrix. Osteocytes are among the cells that die when local bone loses its blood supply.
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease: A childhood disorder involving temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head. It is a pediatric form of femoral-head osteonecrosis with a distinct age-related course.
Ficat classification: A staging system for osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on imaging and clinical findings. It organizes disease progression from early changes to femoral-head collapse.
Alcohol use disorder: A medical condition involving impaired control over alcohol use and continued use despite harm. Heavy alcohol exposure is associated with osteonecrosis, particularly of the femoral head.
Osteomyelitis: An infection of bone, usually caused by bacteria or fungi. Infection can destroy bone, unlike the primary blood-supply failure defining this condition.

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