Baku oil fields

The petroleum-producing fields around Baku on the Absheron Peninsula of Azerbaijan, exploited on a large scale from the nineteenth century and central to the region’s oil industry.

Absheron Peninsula: A peninsula in Azerbaijan extending eastward into the Caspian Sea, with Baku near its southern shore. Its sedimentary basin and shoreline contain the historic fields and later offshore production.
Petroleum seep: A natural surface or seafloor escape of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons from underground deposits. Natural oil and gas seeps made the Absheron deposits conspicuous long before industrial drilling.
Ludvig Nobel: A Swedish-Russian industrialist who developed the Nobel Brothers Petroleum Production Company in the Russian Empire. His enterprise introduced integrated production and transport practices to Baku’s oil trade.
Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline: A crude-oil pipeline running from Azerbaijan through Georgia to Turkey’s Mediterranean coast. This modern route carries oil from Azerbaijan’s Caspian production zone to world markets.
Pennsylvania oil rush: The rapid growth of oil drilling in Pennsylvania after Edwin Drake’s 1859 well at Titusville. It was a contemporary oil boom that developed under a different national and industrial system.
Caspian Sea: The world’s largest enclosed inland body of water, bordered by Azerbaijan and four other countries. The sea became the setting for offshore extensions of Baku’s petroleum industry.
Russian Empire: A Eurasian empire that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. Imperial control established the political setting for Baku’s nineteenth-century oil expansion.
Robert Nobel: A Swedish industrialist who investigated the petroleum industry in the Caucasus and helped establish the Nobel family’s Baku venture. His early assessment of the fields helped launch the family’s petroleum investment.
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic: An independent Azerbaijani state that existed from 1918 to 1920. Control of Baku and its oil resources mattered to the republic’s survival and international standing.
Grozny oil fields: Petroleum-producing fields around Grozny in the North Caucasus, developed under the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. They were a nearby rival source of Russian imperial and Soviet petroleum.

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