Battle of Shanghai

The Battle of Shanghai was a major 1937 battle in which Chinese forces fought Japanese troops for control of Shanghai. It became one of the largest and bloodiest early clashes of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Chinese National Revolutionary Army: The armed forces of the Republic of China’s Nationalist government, led during the war by Chiang Kai-shek. Its divisions defended Shanghai against Japanese landings and sustained heavy losses.
Shanghai Incident: A 1932 armed conflict in Shanghai between Chinese forces and Japanese marines, followed by a ceasefire agreement. It left Japanese troops stationed in Shanghai and a legacy of unresolved tension.
Battle of Nanjing: A December 1937 battle in which Japanese forces captured Nanjing, then China’s capital. Japanese forces advanced inland after taking Shanghai and soon attacked the capital.
Battle of Hongqiao Airport: An opening clash of the Battle of Shanghai in August 1937 involving Chinese troops and Japanese marines near Hongqiao Airport. The incident helped trigger the larger battle in the city.
Imperial Japanese Navy: Japan’s naval service, which operated fleets, aircraft, and landing forces before and during the Second World War. Its ships and carrier aircraft supported Japanese operations around Shanghai.
Marco Polo Bridge Incident: A July 1937 clash near Beijing that escalated into full-scale war between China and Japan. The outbreak of war elsewhere prompted Chinese leaders to open a major front at Shanghai.
Nanjing Massacre: Mass killings, sexual violence, and other atrocities committed by Japanese troops after Nanjing fell in December 1937. The city’s capture after Shanghai was followed by a major atrocity.
Japanese landing at Jinshanwei: A Japanese amphibious landing south of Shanghai in November 1937 that threatened Chinese forces with encirclement. It forced the Chinese to withdraw from Shanghai after months of fighting.
Battle of Jiangyin: A 1937 campaign in which Chinese forces tried to block Japanese warships from advancing up the Yangtze River. The river campaign formed part of Japan’s wider effort to reach and reinforce the Shanghai front.
January 28 Incident: A 1932 battle in Shanghai between Chinese forces and Japanese troops, also known as the First Shanghai Incident. It was an earlier Shanghai battle that ended without Japan taking control of the city.

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