Battle of Uhud

A battle fought near Medina in 625 between Muslim forces led by Muhammad and the Quraysh of Mecca. The Quraysh gained the battlefield after Muslim archers left their assigned position.

Mount Uhud: A mountain north of Medina that gives its name to the 625 battle fought nearby. Its slopes and passes shaped the armies’ positions and the battle’s retreat.
Battle of Badr: A 624 battle in which a smaller Muslim force defeated a Quraysh army near Medina. The Quraysh campaign at Uhud sought to answer their defeat at Badr.
Battle of the Trench: A 627 siege of Medina in which its defenders used a trench to frustrate a coalition army. The defense of Medina two years later tested lessons from the exposed approaches at Uhud.
Battle of Uhud in Islamic tradition: The transmitted Muslim accounts and interpretations of the battle, preserved in biography, hadith, and historical writing. These sources shape the familiar narrative of the battle and its moral significance.
Archers' Hill: A low rise near Mount Uhud where Muhammad stationed archers to guard the Muslim army’s rear. The archers’ departure from this position opened the route used in the Quraysh counterattack.
Quraysh: A confederation of clans that dominated Mecca and opposed Muhammad’s movement in its early years. Its leaders organized the force that marched against Medina.
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A 628 agreement between Muhammad’s community and the Quraysh that established a truce and permitted pilgrimage. The treaty marked a later shift from battlefield rivalry toward negotiated relations.
Aisha bint Abi Bakr: A wife of Muhammad and a major transmitter of hadith and early Islamic history. Reports attributed to her describe the battle’s aftermath and care for the wounded.
Khalid ibn al-Walid: A Quraysh cavalry commander who later became a leading Muslim general. His cavalry exploited the gap left when many Muslim archers abandoned their post.
Medina: A city in western Arabia that became Muhammad’s base after his migration from Mecca in 622. The Muslim force defended the city’s approaches against the Quraysh expedition.

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