Binocular vision

Binocular vision is the coordinated use of both eyes to form visual perception. Differences between the eyes’ images provide important cues for judging depth.

Retinal disparity: The difference in the positions of corresponding features in the two retinal images. The brain uses these image differences as a principal cue to stereoscopic depth.
Visual field: The region of space visible to an eye while it remains directed at a fixed point. The overlap between the eyes' visual fields provides the shared scene used for binocular perception.
Binocular rivalry: The alternating perception that occurs when different images are presented to the two eyes. It reveals how competing eye inputs can shape conscious visual experience.
Monocular cue: A visual cue to depth available from the image seen by one eye alone. Monocular cues can support depth judgments even when binocular disparity is unavailable.
Stereopsis: The perception of depth produced by combining slightly different images from the two eyes. It is the vivid depth sensation binocular vision can produce from retinal disparity.
Extraocular muscles: The muscles that move each eye and align its gaze. Their coordinated action keeps the two eyes directed toward the same target.
Stereogram: An image or paired images designed to create a three-dimensional percept through stereopsis. Stereograms exploit binocular image differences to evoke depth without matching physical depth.
Motion parallax: A depth cue in which nearby objects shift faster across the visual field than distant objects as an observer moves. It estimates depth from movement rather than differences between simultaneous eye images.
Corresponding points: Locations on the two retinas that receive images of the same point in space. Their alignment helps explain when the two eyes perceive one image rather than double vision.
Fovea: The central retinal region with the highest acuity, specialized for detailed vision. Fixating a target places its image near each fovea, supporting precise binocular comparison.

Linked from 21 pages