Blunt trauma

Blunt trauma is physical injury caused by impact with a blunt object or surface, without penetration by a sharp object. It can damage skin, bones, organs, and blood vessels.

Contusion: A contusion is tissue damage caused by impact, often producing bruising without breaking the skin. It is a common surface sign of blunt impact and may accompany deeper injury.
Trauma assessment: Trauma assessment is the structured evaluation of injuries and threats to life after physical trauma. It organizes the search for immediate threats after a blunt impact.
Penetrating trauma: Penetrating trauma occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters underlying tissues or body cavities. It contrasts with blunt trauma because the injury involves an object entering the body.
Internal bleeding: Internal bleeding is blood loss into body tissues, organs, or cavities rather than out through an external wound. Damaged vessels may bleed internally while the skin remains unbroken.
Coup–contrecoup injury: Coup–contrecoup injury is damage at the impact site and on the opposite side of the brain after head trauma. The brain can strike the skull both where impact occurs and across from it.
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma is bedside ultrasound used to detect fluid in the abdomen, chest, or around the heart. It can rapidly reveal internal bleeding after blunt torso injury.
Laceration: A laceration is a tear in skin or other tissue, commonly caused by blunt force or a sharp object. Blunt impacts can split skin, despite lacking the clean entry wound typical of penetration.
Hemorrhagic shock: Hemorrhagic shock is life-threatening circulatory failure caused by severe blood loss. Major internal bleeding after impact can deprive organs of adequate blood flow.
Deceleration injury: Deceleration injury occurs when a moving body stops suddenly, causing tissues and organs to keep moving and deform. Abrupt stopping can tear or bruise organs even without an external wound.
Computed tomography: Computed tomography is an imaging method that uses X-rays and computer processing to produce cross-sectional images. CT can define fractures and internal injuries that examination alone may miss.

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