Bolshevik Revolution

The Bolshevik Revolution was the October 1917 overthrow of Russia’s Provisional Government and seizure of power by the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin.

October Revolution: The October 1917 uprising in Petrograd that overthrew Russia’s Provisional Government. The uprising itself was the decisive event in the Bolshevik seizure of power.
February Revolution: The 1917 uprising that ended the Russian monarchy and brought a Provisional Government to power. It created the political opening in which the October seizure became possible.
Vladimir Lenin: A Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist who led the Bolshevik Party and headed the Soviet government after 1917. He pressed the party to take power and became the new government’s leading figure.
Russian Civil War: A conflict fought in Russia from 1917 to 1922 among the Bolshevik-led Reds, their opponents, and other forces. The takeover helped initiate the struggle that determined who would rule Russia.
Military Revolutionary Committee: The Petrograd Soviet body that organized the armed forces and operations behind the October uprising. It coordinated the takeover of key sites in Petrograd.
Russian Provisional Government: The government that ruled Russia after the monarchy fell in February 1917 and before the Bolsheviks took power. Its continued rule and contested authority made it the Bolsheviks’ immediate target.
Leon Trotsky: A Russian revolutionary who led the Petrograd Soviet and organized the Military Revolutionary Committee in 1917. His organizational work was central to coordinating the uprising in Petrograd.
Decree on Peace: A 1917 Soviet proposal calling for an immediate, non-annexationist peace in World War I. It was one of the new government’s first measures and addressed a central wartime grievance.
Petrograd Soviet: A council of workers’ and soldiers’ delegates that became a major center of political authority in Petrograd. Its authority and support gave the Bolsheviks an institutional base in the capital.
Russian Empire: A multinational monarchy that ruled much of eastern Europe and northern Asia until its collapse in 1917. The revolution inherited its vast territory and unresolved social and national conflicts.

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