Book censorship

Book censorship is the suppression or restriction of books by governments, institutions, or organized groups, through bans, removal, or limits on access.

Book banning: The prohibition or removal of a book from a particular collection, market, or jurisdiction. A direct form of suppression that makes targeted titles unavailable in specified settings.
Nazi book burnings: The destruction of books by Nazi organizations in Germany and Austria, especially during the 1930s. The burnings made ideological exclusion of authors and ideas a public spectacle.
Freedom of the press: The right to publish and distribute information and opinions without undue government interference. It is a central principle invoked against government suppression of books.
Underground literature: Writing circulated outside official publishing channels, often to evade state or institutional control. Prohibited works can survive through clandestine copying and distribution.
Prior restraint: Government action that prevents expression before it is published or communicated. Authorities can block a book before publication rather than punish it afterward.
Index Librorum Prohibitorum: The Catholic Church's list of books Catholics were forbidden to read without permission, abolished in 1966. The Index shows censorship organized through religious authority and a formal list.
Copyright: A legal right granting creators control over specified uses of their original works for a limited period. Copyright can restrict copying legally, but it protects ownership rather than suppressing ideas.
Samizdat: The clandestine copying and circulation of censored literature in the Soviet Union and its satellite states. It was a specific response to state control of publishing and access.
Book burning: The deliberate destruction of books, often as a public act of political or cultural repression. Physical destruction turns suppression into a visible demonstration of power.
Soviet censorship: State control of publishing and other expression in the Soviet Union. Soviet authorities restricted books through publishing controls, prohibited works, and surveillance.

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