Bosporus

The Bosporus is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. It divides Istanbul between Europe and Asia and forms part of the boundary between them.

Black Sea: An inland sea connected to the Mediterranean through the Bosporus and the Turkish Straits. Its water flows south through the Bosporus toward the Sea of Marmara.
Bosphorus: The Greek-derived name for the Bosporus, traditionally interpreted as “ox passage.” The strait's name preserves an ancient Greek explanation rooted in myth.
Bosphorus Bridge: The first bridge across the Bosporus, opened in 1973 and now called the 15 July Martyrs Bridge. It provides a major road crossing between the strait's European and Asian shores.
Dardanelles Strait: The southern Turkish strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea. Unlike the Bosporus, it opens from the Sea of Marmara toward the Aegean.
Sea of Marmara: An inland sea in northwestern Turkey linking the Bosporus to the Dardanelles. It receives the Bosporus's southward surface flow and connects it to the Dardanelles.
Byzantium: An ancient Greek city founded on the European shore of the Bosporus, later renamed Constantinople. Its position at the strait made it a prominent settlement and trading center.
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge: A suspension bridge across the Bosporus opened in 1988, named for the Ottoman conqueror of Constantinople. It added a second road crossing to Istanbul's Bosporus corridor.
Gibraltar Strait: The strait between Spain and Morocco connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea. Both are strategic maritime gateways, but Gibraltar links oceans while the Bosporus connects inland seas.
Bosporus Strait current: A layered flow in the Bosporus, with brackish surface water moving south and denser saline water moving north. Its opposing layers explain how the strait carries water in both directions.
Constantinople: The historical name of Istanbul as the capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. Its location beside the Bosporus linked imperial power to control of the passage.

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