Linked from

The 20 pages that link to Botulinum toxin, each with the reason it gives.

• AcetylcholineRelated: Its blockade of transmission at neuromuscular junctions causes flaccid paralysis.

• Cerebral palsyRelated: Injections can reduce focal spasticity and support specific functional goals.

• Clostridium botulinumRelated: This is the molecule some strains produce that causes botulism.

• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptorCompared with: It disrupts the same neuromuscular signaling pathway upstream rather than blocking the receptor itself.

• Synaptic transmissionRelated: Its action demonstrates how disrupting presynaptic release can interrupt transmission.

• Synaptic vesicleRelated: Its paralysis-producing action directly disrupts synaptic vesicle fusion.

• DystoniaRelated: Injections into selected muscles are a main treatment for many focal dystonias.

• NeurotoxinBroader topic: It causes flaccid paralysis by preventing muscles from receiving motor commands.

• BotulismBroader topic: It is the direct cause of botulism’s neuromuscular failure.

• HyperhidrosisRelated: Injections can temporarily reduce sweating by blocking signals to sweat glands.

• SpasticityRelated: Injections can reduce focal overactivity in selected spastic muscles.

• Biological warfareBroader topic: Its toxicity makes it a biological warfare agent, despite its origins in a natural infection.

• Bernard KatzRelated: Its action disrupts the vesicular release process Katz’s work helped make measurable.

• ClostridiumBroader topic: Some Clostridium species produce it, making toxin action central to botulism.

• Essential tremorRelated: Injections can help selected cases, including tremor affecting the head or voice.

• BruxismRelated: In selected cases, injections into jaw muscles may reduce force, but evidence and risks require consideration.

• Synaptic cleftRelated: It prevents transmitter from entering the cleft at neuromuscular junctions.

• Cholera toxinCompared with: Its action blocks nerve signaling, unlike cholera toxin’s stimulation of intestinal fluid secretion.

• RicinCompared with: Unlike ricin, it disrupts nerve signaling rather than directly disabling ribosomes.

• FrownRelated: Injections can temporarily weaken muscles involved in frown lines.