Brazilian coup d'état

The 1964 military coup removed Brazilian president João Goulart and began two decades of military rule, ending civilian democratic government until 1985.

João Goulart: Brazilian president from 1961 until his overthrow in 1964, associated with proposed social and economic reforms. His presidency became the central target of military and conservative opposition.
Olympio Mourão Filho: A Brazilian general whose troops moved from Minas Gerais toward Rio de Janeiro on March 31, 1964. His early troop movement turned coup planning into an immediate confrontation.
Brazilian National Truth Commission: A state commission established in 2011 to investigate human-rights violations committed in Brazil from 1946 to 1988. Its findings documented abuses committed under the regime created by the coup.
Carlos Lacerda: A Brazilian politician and governor of Guanabara who became a prominent opponent of João Goulart. His anti-Goulart advocacy helped build civilian opposition before the coup.
Cold War in Latin America: The geopolitical and ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union as it shaped Latin American politics. Anticommunism framed domestic conflict as part of a wider international struggle.
Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco: A Brazilian army marshal who became the first president of the military regime in 1964. Military leaders selected him to head the new government after Goulart fell.
AI-5: Institutional Act Number Five, a 1968 decree that sharply expanded repression and restricted political freedoms in Brazil. It marked the dictatorship’s turn toward intensified censorship and political persecution.
Magalhães Pinto: A Brazilian politician and governor of Minas Gerais who supported the 1964 coup. He backed the military uprising from the state where Mourão Filho launched his troop movement.
Brazilian Communist Party: A Brazilian Marxist political party founded in 1922, influential in labor and left-wing politics despite periods of illegality. The party’s influence heightened conservative fears of a communist advance.
Ranieri Mazzilli: A Brazilian politician who briefly served as president during the transfer of power in 1964. Congressional maneuvers installed him as a constitutional placeholder after Goulart left Brazil.

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