Bribery

Bribery is offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting an undue benefit to influence someone’s actions. It commonly involves public officials or others entrusted with decision-making.

Active bribery: The offering or giving of an undue benefit to influence another person’s actions. It describes the payer’s side of the exchange.
Legitimate gift: A voluntary transfer given without an improper expectation of influence or repayment. A gift becomes relevant to bribery when it is intended to sway a decision.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A United States law addressing bribery of foreign officials and requiring certain accounting controls. It is a major example of domestic law reaching overseas business conduct.
State capture: The systematic shaping of state decisions by private interests for their own advantage. Large-scale bribery can let powerful interests redirect laws and institutions.
Passive bribery: The requesting, receiving, or accepting of an undue benefit in exchange for influence. It describes the recipient’s side, including soliciting payment.
Lobbying: Organized efforts to influence public policy through communication with decision-makers. Unlike bribery, lobbying can influence policy transparently and within legal rules.
UK Bribery Act 2010: A United Kingdom statute criminalizing bribery, including failure by organizations to prevent it. Its corporate offence makes prevention systems central to organizational liability.
Public trust: Confidence that institutions and their representatives act competently and in the public interest. Evidence of bribery can undermine confidence in public decisions.
Facilitation payment: A small payment intended to speed up a routine action by a public official. It is often defended as speeding routine work, yet may still constitute bribery.
Extortion: Obtaining money, property, or action through coercion or threats. Extortion pressures a victim to pay; bribery typically involves an offered exchange.

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