British Ceylon

British Ceylon was the period of British rule over the island of Ceylon, beginning with the seizure of Dutch-held coastal territories in 1796 and ending with independence in 1948.

Dutch Ceylon: Dutch colonial rule over parts of Ceylon lasted from the mid-seventeenth century until Britain took the coastal territories in 1796. The Dutch East India Company governed the coastal territories Britain seized in 1796.
Colebrooke–Cameron Commission: A British commission whose 1833 recommendations reorganized Ceylon’s administration, finances, and representative institutions. Its reforms unified the island’s administration under a central colonial government.
Coffee production in Ceylon: A nineteenth-century plantation industry that made coffee a major export before a fungal disease devastated it. Coffee estates drove early plantation expansion and the construction of transport links.
Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford: The first British governor of Ceylon, serving from 1798 to 1805. He established the first Crown administration after the East India Company’s initial military occupation.
Portuguese Ceylon: Portuguese colonial rule over coastal parts of Ceylon from the early sixteenth century until the Dutch conquest of the seventeenth century. It was the first European colonial regime on the island, predating British rule by centuries.
Kandyan Kingdom: An independent Sinhalese kingdom in the central highlands of Ceylon that endured until British conquest in 1815. Its survival after 1796 meant British control initially covered only the island’s coastal regions.
Government Agent (Ceylon): A senior colonial official who administered a province or district in British Ceylon. Government Agents carried central policies into local administration.
Tea production in Sri Lanka: The cultivation and processing of tea, introduced commercially in Ceylon during the nineteenth century and later its leading export. Tea replaced coffee as the dominant plantation crop after coffee leaf rust.
Robert Brownrigg: Governor of Ceylon from 1812 to 1820, during the British annexation of the Kandyan Kingdom. His government secured the island’s interior and suppressed the Uva Rebellion.
Sri Lanka: An island country in South Asia, known as Ceylon until its official name changed in 1972. The independent state inherited the island’s territory after colonial rule ended.

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