Built environment

The human-made places and infrastructure where people live, work, travel, and conduct daily life, including buildings, streets, and utilities.

Building: A constructed structure intended to shelter people, activities, or goods. Buildings are the built environment’s most familiar individual structures.
Urban planning: The practice of guiding the spatial development and use of settlements. Planning coordinates land, transport, services, and development across an area.
Walkability: The degree to which an area supports convenient and safe travel on foot. Street layout and nearby destinations determine whether daily trips can be walked.
Environmental justice: The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of people in environmental decisions and outcomes. Infrastructure and land-use decisions can concentrate environmental burdens in some communities.
Compact city: A relatively dense urban form with mixed uses and short distances between destinations. It concentrates development as an alternative to dispersed settlement patterns.
Street: A public route in a settlement that supports movement and often provides access to adjoining properties. Streets connect buildings and shape movement through neighborhoods.
Architecture: The design and study of buildings and other constructed spaces. Architectural decisions shape how individual structures look and function.
Active living: A way of life that incorporates physical activity into daily routines and settings. Buildings and public spaces can make routine movement easier or harder.
Residential segregation: The unequal spatial separation of population groups across residential areas. Housing patterns and planning decisions can reinforce separation between communities.
Garden city movement: An urban-planning movement that proposed planned, self-contained communities combining town and country qualities. Its model offers a historical alternative to both crowded centers and unplanned sprawl.

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