Butadiene

Butadiene is a colorless, flammable hydrocarbon gas; its 1,3-isomer is used chiefly to make synthetic rubber and other polymers.

Polybutadiene: A synthetic elastomer made by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene. It is the principal polymer made directly from butadiene.
Conjugated system: A sequence of overlapping p orbitals that allows electrons to be delocalized across adjacent atoms. Butadiene’s alternating double and single bonds form a conjugated system.
Steam cracking: A high-temperature process that breaks hydrocarbons into smaller molecules, including alkenes and dienes. It is a major source of butadiene as a coproduct of ethylene manufacture.
Carcinogen: An agent capable of causing cancer through exposure under particular conditions. Inhaled 1,3-butadiene is classified as a human carcinogen.
Styrene-butadiene rubber: A synthetic rubber copolymer of styrene and butadiene. Butadiene supplies the elastomeric component in this widely used tire rubber.
1,2-addition: An addition reaction across adjacent atoms 1 and 2 of a conjugated diene. Butadiene polymerization can add monomer through its terminal carbon atoms.
C4 hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons containing four carbon atoms, commonly recovered together in refinery and cracking streams. Butadiene is separated from a complex mixture of C4 compounds.
Occupational exposure limit: A regulatory or advisory concentration limit for a hazardous substance in workplace air. Limits guide controls for workers handling butadiene and its production streams.
Nitrile rubber: An oil-resistant synthetic rubber made from acrylonitrile and butadiene. Its butadiene units provide flexibility while acrylonitrile improves oil resistance.
1,4-addition: An addition reaction across the terminal atoms of a conjugated diene, leaving a double bond between the inner atoms. This pathway creates the characteristic internal double bond in many butadiene polymers.

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