Christian II of Denmark

Christian II ruled Denmark and Norway from 1513 to 1523 and Sweden from 1520 to 1521. His reign is remembered for the Stockholm Bloodbath, conflict with the nobility, and his deposition.

Stockholm Bloodbath: The 1520 execution of Swedish nobles and burghers ordered after Christian II’s coronation in Stockholm. The mass executions became the defining atrocity of Christian’s Swedish rule.
Danish nobility: The hereditary landowning elite that held extensive political power in medieval and early modern Denmark. Its resistance helped bring about Christian’s deposition.
John, King of Denmark: King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from 1481 to 1513 and father of Christian II. John’s reign established the dynastic claims Christian inherited.
Frederick I of Denmark: King of Denmark and Norway from 1523 to 1533, succeeding Christian II. The Danish nobles chose Frederick to replace Christian.
Swedish War of Liberation: The conflict from 1521 to 1523 that ended Denmark’s control of Sweden. The revolt led by Gustav Vasa drove Christian’s forces from Sweden.
Danish Reformation: The sixteenth-century transition of Denmark from Roman Catholicism to Lutheranism. Christian’s policies and religious sympathies anticipated later conflicts over church authority.
House of Oldenburg: A European royal dynasty that ruled Denmark from 1448 and produced Christian II. Christian’s authority rested on this dynasty’s Scandinavian inheritance.
Christian III of Denmark: King of Denmark and Norway from 1534 to 1559, who established Lutheran rule in Denmark. His reign completed religious changes that Christian’s policies had foreshadowed.
Deposition of Christian II: The 1523 removal of Christian II from the Danish and Norwegian thrones by a coalition of nobles. The nobles’ revolt ended Christian’s rule in Denmark and Norway.
Danish Law Code of 1521: A royal law code issued by Christian II that regulated commerce, labor, and social relations in Denmark. It exemplified his effort to govern through centralized legislation.

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