Circassians

Circassians are a Northwest Caucasian people indigenous to Circassia, the northwestern Caucasus. Their history includes mass displacement in the nineteenth century and a large diaspora across many countries.

Circassia: Circassia is the historic homeland of the Circassian people in the northwestern Caucasus. Its geography and political history define the homeland from which Circassians were displaced.
Adyghe: Adyghe is an endonym used for Circassians and also the name of a Circassian ethnic group and language. The name connects Circassian self-identification with a major community and language.
Circassian dance: Circassian dance is a tradition of formal group and couple dances accompanied by music and distinctive movement. Dance remains a visible expression of Circassian identity in homeland and diaspora settings.
Abkhazians: Abkhazians are a Northwest Caucasian people indigenous to Abkhazia, with a distinct language and historical identity. Their linguistic relationship and geographic proximity can obscure their distinct peoplehood.
Northwest Caucasian languages: Northwest Caucasian languages form a family spoken chiefly in the Caucasus and by diaspora communities. The family places Circassian languages within their broader linguistic ancestry.
Shapsug: The Shapsug are a Circassian subgroup historically associated with the Black Sea coast and the northwestern Caucasus. Their history illustrates the diversity of Circassian communities within the homeland.
Circassian language revitalization: Circassian language revitalization comprises efforts to maintain and increase use of Circassian languages. Language initiatives respond to declining transmission in both the Caucasus and diaspora.
Chechens: Chechens are a Northeast Caucasian people indigenous to the North Caucasus, with a distinct language and history. They are often grouped broadly with Caucasian peoples despite belonging to a different language family.
Circassian genocide: The Circassian genocide is the mass killing and forced displacement of Circassians by the Russian Empire during the nineteenth century. The conquest and expulsions sharply reduced the population remaining in Circassia.
Kabardians: Kabardians are an eastern Circassian people whose historic homeland lies in the central North Caucasus. Their distinct regional history broadens the picture beyond western Circassian communities.

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