Citation

A reference in scholarly writing that identifies another work and acknowledges or documents its use.

Bibliographic reference: A structured description that identifies a publication or other source. A citation points to this description, in the text or a reference list.
Academic writing: Writing that communicates research, analysis, or scholarship for academic purposes. Citations are a standard way to document sources in this kind of writing.
Citation graph: A network in which publications are nodes and citations are directed edges. It represents citation relationships as a structure that can be analyzed.
Footnote: A note placed at the bottom of a page or text, often providing a source or comment. A footnote may contain a citation, but can also serve purposes beyond source identification.
Citation bias: Systematic differences in which studies or findings receive citations. Uneven citation patterns can distort the apparent standing of evidence or researchers.
In-text citation: A brief source reference placed within the body of a text. It links a claim or passage to a source without interrupting the argument.
Literature review: A structured account and analysis of existing research on a topic. Its citations map the prior work that frames a research question.
Citation analysis: The quantitative study of references among scholarly works. It uses citation links to examine influence, connections, and patterns in research.
Bibliography: A list of sources consulted or relevant to a subject, not necessarily limited to cited works. A bibliography can include uncited sources, unlike a reference list tied to citations.
Matthew effect: The tendency for recognition and advantage to accumulate among those already prominent. Citation counts can reinforce existing differences in scholarly visibility.

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