Cognition

Cognition comprises the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, storing, and using knowledge, including perception, memory, reasoning, and language.

Perception: The processes by which sensory information is organized and interpreted. Perception supplies interpreted sensory information that cognition can use.
Information processing: The transformation of information through operations such as encoding, storage, retrieval, and response. This framework describes cognition as a sequence of transformations.
Cognitive psychology: The scientific study of mental processes such as perception, memory, language, and reasoning. It investigates many of the processes that make up cognition.
Behaviorism: An approach to psychology that emphasizes observable behavior and environmental influences. It contrasts with accounts that directly theorize internal mental processes.
Attention: The selective allocation of mental resources to information or tasks. Attention determines which incoming information receives further cognitive processing.
Predictive processing: The view that the brain continually generates predictions and updates them using incoming signals. It explains perception as an interaction between expectations and sensory evidence.
Cognitive neuroscience: The study of how brain activity supports mental processes. It links cognitive functions to neural systems and activity.
Embodied cognition: The view that cognitive processes are shaped by the body's interactions with its environment. It challenges explanations that treat cognition as independent of bodily action.
Memory: The capacity to encode, retain, and retrieve information. Memory lets cognition preserve information and use past experience.
Cognitive control: The regulation of thought and action to maintain goals and respond to changing demands. Control mechanisms help cognition resist distraction and adjust behavior.

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