Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making. It explains how people acquire, represent, and use information.

Perception: The process by which sensory information is organized and interpreted. It explains how sensory input becomes an interpreted experience.
Information processing: A framework that describes cognition as the transformation, storage, and use of information. It provides a broad model for studying mental operations as linked stages.
Behaviorism: A psychological approach that emphasizes observable behavior and learning through environmental contingencies. Its focus on observable behavior set limits that cognitive psychologists sought to overcome.
Cognitive behavioral therapy: A psychotherapy that targets patterns of thought and behavior to address psychological problems. It applies models of thought and behavior to structured clinical treatment.
Cognitive neuroscience: The study of how brain activity supports mental processes. It connects cognitive functions to neural systems and measurements.
Attention: The selective allocation of mental resources to particular information or tasks. It determines which information receives further cognitive processing.
Working memory: A limited-capacity system for temporarily maintaining and manipulating information. It explains how information stays available during reasoning and comprehension.
Cognitive revolution: A mid-twentieth-century shift toward treating mental processes as legitimate subjects of scientific study. It established the intellectual movement from which cognitive psychology took shape.
Educational psychology: The study of how people learn and how teaching can support learning. Findings about memory, attention, and learning guide instructional design.
Cognitive science: An interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence spanning psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, and computation. It places psychological research within a wider study of cognition.

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