Colour revolution

A largely nonviolent mass protest movement seeking political change, often associated with post-Soviet states and identified by a color or symbol.

Rose Revolution: The 2003 Georgian protest movement that led to President Eduard Shevardnadze's resignation. Its roses gave the post-Soviet protest model one of its best-known names.
Nonviolent resistance: The use of protest, noncooperation, and other methods that avoid physical violence to pursue political change. It describes the central repertoire associated with colour revolutions.
Post-Soviet states: The independent countries that emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Several prominent movements arose amid contested politics in these newly independent states.
Arab Spring: A wave of uprisings and protests across the Arab world beginning in 2010–2011. It shared mass mobilization but spanned a broader region and included varied outcomes and tactics.
Orange Revolution: The 2004 Ukrainian protest movement against alleged fraud in the presidential election. Its orange campaign color became a defining symbol of mass opposition.
Electoral fraud: Deliberate interference with an election's conduct or results to alter its outcome. Disputed election results often supplied the immediate grievance and focus for mobilization.
Otpor!: A Serbian youth movement that organized nonviolent opposition to Slobodan Milošević. Its organizing methods and fist emblem influenced activists in later post-Soviet campaigns.
Euromaidan: The 2013–2014 Ukrainian protest movement that led to President Viktor Yanukovych's removal. It is often compared with the Orange Revolution but arose from a different political crisis.
Tulip Revolution: The 2005 Kyrgyz uprising that ousted President Askar Akayev after disputed parliamentary elections. It illustrates how a color-revolution label traveled beyond Georgia and Ukraine.
Civil resistance: Collective action outside formal political channels that challenges authorities without using armed force. It explains how strikes, demonstrations, and boycotts could pressure incumbent governments.

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