Communication

Communication is the process through which people exchange signs, meanings, and information. It can occur through speech, writing, gesture, images, and other channels.

Sender–receiver model of communication: A model that describes communication as messages traveling from a sender to a receiver through a channel. It lays out the basic roles and stages involved in exchanging information.
Language: A structured system of signs and rules used by a community to communicate. Language provides a powerful shared system for expressing and interpreting meanings.
Interpersonal communication: The exchange of messages and meanings between people in interaction. It focuses on communication within relationships and face-to-face or mediated encounters.
Transmission model of communication: A model that treats communication as the transfer of a message from source to destination. It contrasts with accounts that place shared meaning and interpretation at the center.
Social constructionism: An approach that examines how social realities are produced and maintained through interaction and shared understandings. Repeated communication can establish categories and norms that people experience as real.
Semiotics: The study of signs, sign systems, and how signs produce meaning. Communication works through signs whose meanings depend on shared conventions.
Symbol: A sign whose meaning depends on a learned or agreed convention. Words and many gestures communicate because people learn what they symbolize.
Mass communication: The production and distribution of messages to large, dispersed audiences through media. It shows how communication changes when one source addresses a broad public.
Transactional model of communication: A model in which participants simultaneously send and interpret messages within a shared context. It challenges one-way accounts by treating communication as a reciprocal process.
Socialization: The process through which people learn the norms, roles, and practices of a society. Communication transmits cultural knowledge and teaches people how to participate in social life.

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