Company rule in India

Company rule in India was the East India Company’s territorial government over parts of the subcontinent, expanding from Bengal after 1757 until the Crown takeover in 1858.

Battle of Plassey: A 1757 battle in Bengal in which the East India Company defeated Siraj ud-Daulah and gained decisive political influence. The victory opened the path to Company control of Bengal.
East India Company: An English joint-stock company founded in 1600 that traded in Asia and later acquired territorial and governmental power in India. The Company itself was the institution that exercised this rule.
Diwani: The right to collect revenue and administer civil justice in a territory under Mughal-era arrangements. The Company’s diwani rights supplied both income and a formal basis for rule.
Crown rule in India: The period of direct British Crown government in India from 1858 to 1947. It replaced Company rule after the rebellion and parliamentary legislation.
Diwani of Bengal: The East India Company’s 1765 grant of revenue-collection rights in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa by the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II. The grant gave the Company a durable fiscal base for governing Bengal.
Mughal Empire: A South Asian empire founded in 1526 that ruled much of the subcontinent before its authority fragmented in the eighteenth century. The Company expanded as Mughal imperial authority weakened and sought imperial grants for its powers.
Permanent Settlement: A 1793 land-revenue arrangement in Bengal that fixed the state demand on zamindars in perpetuity. It shows how Company government reorganized land revenue in Bengal.
Indian National Congress: A political organization founded in 1885 that became a leading force in India’s independence movement. Its later campaigns challenged the imperial state built after Company rule.
Subsidiary alliance: A system by which Indian rulers accepted Company troops and political oversight, usually in return for protection. It extended Company influence over princely states without immediate annexation.
Battle of Buxar: A 1764 battle in which the East India Company defeated the combined forces of the Mughal emperor and the nawabs of Awadh and Bengal. The victory strengthened the Company’s claim to govern and collect revenue in eastern India.

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