Coronavirus

A coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus in the family Coronaviridae. Coronaviruses infect mammals and birds and often cause respiratory or intestinal disease.

Coronavirus spike protein: A surface glycoprotein that binds host-cell receptors and mediates coronavirus entry. Its receptor binding and fusion activity initiate infection by many coronaviruses.
Coronaviridae: A family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect mammals and birds. It is the taxonomic family containing every coronavirus.
Coronavirus evolution: The evolutionary history and diversification of viruses in the family Coronaviridae. Comparative genomes trace the shared ancestry and divergence of coronavirus lineages.
Coronavirus disease testing: Laboratory and clinical methods used to detect coronavirus infection or evidence of prior infection. Tests identify infections and help track coronavirus transmission.
SARS-CoV: A coronavirus that caused the 2002–2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. It was the first coronavirus known to cause a major global outbreak of severe respiratory disease.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: A cell-surface enzyme that also serves as an entry receptor for several coronaviruses. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use this receptor to enter susceptible cells.
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus: A virus whose single-stranded RNA genome can function directly as messenger RNA. Coronavirus genomes can be translated by host ribosomes after entering a cell.
Coronavirus recombination: The exchange of genetic material between coronavirus genomes during replication in a shared host cell. Recombination contributes to coronavirus diversity and can alter genome regions involved in host interactions.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: A method that converts RNA into DNA and amplifies selected genetic sequences for detection. It detects coronavirus RNA in clinical samples.
MERS-CoV: A coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome in humans. Its high severity and recurring animal-to-human transmission illustrate a distinct coronavirus threat.

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