Dayton Agreement

The 1995 peace agreement that ended the Bosnian War and established Bosnia and Herzegovina’s postwar constitutional framework. It preserved the country as one state divided into two entities.

General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The formal treaty package signed in Paris in 1995 to end the Bosnian War and implement the Dayton settlement. This is the agreement’s formal name and legal structure, comprising the framework and its annexes.
Bosnian War: The 1992–1995 armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina involving Bosnian Serb, Bosniak, and Bosnian Croat forces and outside states. The agreement was negotiated to end this war and establish a political settlement.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: A country in southeastern Europe whose postwar state structure was established by the Dayton peace agreement. Dayton preserved the country while reorganizing it into a decentralized political system.
Vance–Owen Peace Plan: A 1993 international peace proposal to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina into ten largely autonomous provinces. It offered a different territorial design and failed before the Dayton negotiations.
Slobodan Milošević: The president of Serbia who negotiated at Dayton as a representative of Bosnian Serb interests. Milošević accepted key terms on behalf of Bosnian Serb leaders during the negotiations.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: One of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s two entities, established in 1994 and predominantly composed of Bosniak- and Croat-majority areas. Dayton recognized the Federation as one of the country’s two constituent entities.
Srebrenica massacre: The July 1995 mass killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys by Bosnian Serb forces in and around Srebrenica. The massacre intensified international pressure for decisive action to end the war.
Dayton Agreement political system: Bosnia and Herzegovina’s postwar system of shared state institutions, two entities, and constitutionally designated constituent peoples. The settlement created this intricate system to reconcile a unified state with wartime territorial divisions.
Owen–Stoltenberg Plan: A 1993 peace proposal envisioning Bosnia and Herzegovina as a union of three constituent republics. Its explicit three-republic arrangement contrasted with Dayton’s two-entity state.
Alija Izetbegović: The Bosniak political leader and president of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War and Dayton negotiations. Izetbegović represented the Bosnian government in the peace talks.

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