Digital logic

Digital logic is the mathematical design of circuits that represent and manipulate information using discrete states, usually encoded as binary values.

Boolean algebra: An algebraic system for reasoning about variables that take truth values and operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. Its equations describe the logical behavior that digital circuits implement.
Binary number: A number represented using the two digits 0 and 1. Binary digits are the standard symbols encoded by digital circuit states.
Adder (electronics): A digital circuit that computes the sum of binary numbers. Adders show how Boolean gates implement arithmetic on binary values.
Analog circuit: An electronic circuit that processes signals varying continuously over a range. Analog circuits represent quantities continuously rather than with discrete logical states.
Claude Shannon: An American mathematician and engineer who founded information theory and connected Boolean algebra to switching circuits. His 1937 work established how Boolean expressions could describe relay circuits.
Logic gate: An electronic circuit that performs a Boolean operation on one or more input signals. Gates are the basic physical units from which combinational logic is assembled.
Bit: A unit of information that can take one of two values. A bit is the information unit that a binary logic circuit represents.
Arithmetic logic unit: A processor component that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. An ALU combines digital logic to carry out a processor's core computations.
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor: A technology using paired p-type and n-type transistors to build low-power integrated circuits. CMOS is the dominant transistor technology for implementing modern digital logic.
George Boole: An English mathematician whose algebra of logical propositions became known as Boolean algebra. His algebra supplied the mathematical language later used to design digital circuits.

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