Linked from

The 18 pages that link to Disparate impact, each with the reason it gives.

• Algorithmic biasRelated: It focuses attention on unequal effects rather than requiring proof of biased intent.

• DiscriminationRelated: It addresses policies with unequal effects even without proof of discriminatory intent.

• Equality before the lawRelated: It tests whether formally identical rules produce unequal treatment in practice.

• Employment discriminationRelated: It addresses exclusion produced by employment rules that do not explicitly classify workers.

• RedliningRelated: It provides a framework for assessing unequal housing outcomes linked to lending and investment practices.

• Racial profilingRelated: Unequal enforcement outcomes can arise even without explicit racial rules.

• Institutional racismRelated: It captures how a formally neutral institutional rule can have racially unequal effects.

• Civil rightsRelated: It can identify discriminatory effects without requiring proof of explicit bias.

• Institutional discriminationRelated: It captures one way an institution’s neutral-seeming rules can create unequal outcomes.

• Anti-racismRelated: It shows how unequal effects can arise without explicit racial intent.

• School uniformRelated: Uniform rules can burden students differently by gender, religion, or family income.

• Anti-discrimination lawRelated: It is a central way United States law evaluates discriminatory effects without requiring proof of intent.