Divine simplicity

Divine simplicity is the doctrine that God is not composed of parts and is identical with the divine attributes, rather than possessing them as distinct properties.

Divine attributes: Properties traditionally attributed to God, such as goodness, knowledge, power, and eternity. Simplicity claims that God is not separate from these attributes.
Aseity: The doctrine that God exists from himself and depends on nothing outside himself. Simplicity is often used to explain why God has no composition requiring an external cause.
Augustine of Hippo: A late antique Christian theologian whose works shaped Western doctrines of God and the Trinity. His account of God's unchangeability helped establish simplicity in Latin theology.
Social Trinitarianism: An approach to the Trinity that emphasizes interpersonal distinction among the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Its accounts of divine persons raise questions about how simplicity relates to internal distinction.
Divine hiddenness: The problem of why God is not more evident to sincere seekers of God. Critics ask whether a simple God can have the differentiated intentions needed to explain hiddenness.
Metaphysical composition: The dependence of a whole on distinct constituents that together make it up. The doctrine denies that God depends on constituents in this way.
Immutability: The attribute of being incapable of change. A changing attribute would seem to make God differ from what God eternally is.
Anselm of Canterbury: A medieval theologian and philosopher known for arguments about God and the nature of divine perfection. He argued that God is whatever God has, making divine goodness identical with God.
Theistic personalism: A family of views that understands God primarily as a personal agent with properties resembling human attributes. Some versions treat divine properties as distinct features rather than identical with God.
Problem of evil: The challenge of reconciling suffering and wrongdoing with God's power, knowledge, and goodness. Attribute identity sharpens questions about how perfect goodness relates to God's permission of evil.

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