Dog

A domesticated mammal descended from gray wolves, selectively bred into many forms and kept as a companion, working animal, or livestock guardian.

Gray wolf: A large wild canid that is the dog’s closest living relative and ancestral source. Dogs descend from ancient wolf populations, though their exact place and timing remain debated.
Selective breeding: The practice of choosing organisms with desired traits to produce offspring. Human selection produced the wide range of dog sizes, shapes, and working abilities.
Assistance dog: A trained dog that performs tasks to support a person with a disability. This role shows how training can turn canine abilities into practical support.
Dingo: A free-ranging canid descended from dogs brought to Australia thousands of years ago. Dingoes show how dog populations can live independently of intensive human control.
Human–canine bond: The social and emotional relationship between humans and dogs. Long association has made dogs distinctive companions across many cultures.
Canidae: The biological family of dog-like carnivorous mammals, including wolves, foxes, and jackals. Dogs belong to this family alongside their wild relatives.
Canine domestication genetics: The study of genetic changes associated with dogs’ ancestry and adaptation to human environments. Genetic evidence helps trace how dogs diverged from ancestral wolf populations.
Search and rescue dog: A trained dog that locates missing or trapped people during emergencies. Scent detection lets dogs assist in searches across difficult terrain and rubble.
Coyote: A wild North American canid adapted to habitats ranging from deserts to cities. Coyotes are close ecological counterparts, but they were not domesticated as dogs were.
Dog bite: An injury caused when a dog’s teeth puncture or tear tissue. Bites are a public-safety concern influenced by context, behavior, and management.

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