Drowning

Drowning is respiratory impairment caused by submersion or immersion in liquid. It can be fatal or nonfatal, and does not require water to enter the lungs.

Aspiration (medicine): Aspiration is the entry of liquid, food, or other material into the airway or lungs. Liquid entering the airway can disrupt gas exchange during drowning.
Rescue breathing: Rescue breathing is the delivery of breaths to someone who is not breathing adequately. Ventilation addresses oxygen deprivation, the central problem in drowning resuscitation.
Non-fatal drowning: Non-fatal drowning is respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion that does not result in death. It identifies drowning events in which the person survives, with or without lasting injury.
Anoxic brain injury: Anoxic brain injury is damage caused by a complete or near-complete lack of oxygen to the brain. Prolonged oxygen deprivation during drowning can cause lasting neurological disability.
Hypoxemia: Hypoxemia is an abnormally low level of oxygen in arterial blood. Impaired breathing during drowning can deprive blood and tissues of oxygen.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency technique combining chest compressions and, when appropriate, rescue breaths. CPR is used when drowning causes cardiac arrest.
Fatal drowning: Fatal drowning is respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion that results in death. It distinguishes events that end in death from non-fatal cases.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that can follow exposure to traumatic events. Survivors and witnesses may experience persistent psychological effects after a drowning emergency.
Laryngospasm: Laryngospasm is an involuntary closure of the vocal cords that can obstruct airflow. It may briefly obstruct breathing after liquid reaches the upper airway.
Automated external defibrillator: An automated external defibrillator analyzes heart rhythm and can deliver a shock for certain cardiac arrests. It may be used during resuscitation, alongside CPR, if a shockable rhythm is present.

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