Éamon de Valera

Éamon de Valera was an Irish revolutionary and statesman who led the government for decades, serving as Taoiseach and president of Ireland.

Constitution of Ireland: Ireland’s 1937 constitution established the state’s institutions and replaced the 1922 constitution. De Valera’s government drafted and enacted this constitution, recasting the state he led.
Easter Rising: An armed insurrection in Dublin in April 1916 seeking to end British rule in Ireland. De Valera commanded a rebel garrison during the rising and was later imprisoned.
Michael Collins: An Irish revolutionary leader and statesman who negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty and commanded pro-treaty forces. Collins negotiated the settlement de Valera rejected, placing the two leaders on opposing sides.
Taoiseach: The head of government of Ireland, nominated by Dáil Éireann and appointed by the president. De Valera held this office for more years than any other Irish Taoiseach.
Fianna Fáil: An Irish political party founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera and other republican activists. De Valera founded the party and made it a durable force in Irish politics.
Irish War of Independence: A guerrilla conflict from 1919 to 1921 between Irish republican forces and British rule. De Valera led the republican government during much of the war, chiefly from abroad.
Arthur Griffith: An Irish nationalist leader who founded Sinn Féin and helped negotiate the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Griffith led the treaty delegation while de Valera remained opposed to its settlement.
President of Ireland: The ceremonial head of state of Ireland, elected directly by the public for a seven-year term. De Valera served two terms as president after decades in government.
Irish neutrality during World War II: The policy by which Ireland remained outside the military alliances and combat of World War II. As Taoiseach, de Valera maintained neutrality despite pressure from the Allied powers.
Irish Civil War: The 1922–1923 conflict between Irish forces for and against the Anglo-Irish Treaty. De Valera supported the anti-treaty side, though he was not its military commander.

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