Linked from

The 16 pages that link to Earth system science, each with the reason it gives.

• GeodesyNarrower topic: Geodetic observations increasingly need interpretation alongside changes across the whole Earth system.

• AnthropoceneNarrower topic: It provides the system-level perspective used to assess human-driven planetary change.

• EarthNarrower topic: It integrates planetary systems to explain linked environmental changes.

• Planetary boundariesNarrower topic: This field supplies the framework's integrated view of planetary change.

• Physical geographyNarrower topic: It provides a broader framework for connecting physical geography’s natural systems.

• Environmental scienceNarrower topic: Provides the planetary-scale framework that environmental science often applies.

• BiogeochemistryNarrower topic: Biogeochemical cycles are central to understanding the coupled Earth system.

• Earth scienceNarrower topic: It integrates the connected systems that separate Earth science disciplines often study individually.

• Gaia hypothesisNarrower topic: Gaia frames these interacting components as a coupled system with life-influenced feedbacks.

• James LovelockNarrower topic: This broader field examines coupled planetary processes without requiring Gaia’s stronger interpretations.

• History of EarthNarrower topic: It connects the geological, climatic, and biological histories treated across this chronology.

• Future of EarthNarrower topic: Long-range projections depend on coupling among these systems, not on solar forcing alone.

• GeodynamicsNarrower topic: It places solid-Earth dynamics within the planet’s interacting systems.

• History of geophysicsNarrower topic: It broadened geophysics’ historical remit toward coupled planetary processes.