Emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, use, and regulate emotions in oneself and others. Models differ on whether it is an ability, a set of traits, or a mix of both.

Emotion perception: The ability to identify emotions from facial expressions, voices, bodily signals, and other cues. It is the first step in recognizing emotional information.
Ability model of emotional intelligence: A model treating emotional intelligence as a set of cognitive abilities for processing emotional information. It defines the construct narrowly as abilities that can be tested with performance tasks.
Social intelligence: The ability to understand people and manage relationships effectively. It is the broader intellectual tradition from which emotional intelligence developed.
Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: A performance-based assessment of emotional intelligence developed by John D. Mayer, Peter Salovey, and David R. Caruso. It operationalizes the ability model through tasks involving emotional reasoning.
Construct validity: The degree to which a measure captures the theoretical concept it is intended to measure. Disagreement over definitions makes it difficult to establish what emotional intelligence tests capture.
Emotion recognition: The process of identifying which emotion a person or situation expresses. Accurate identification supplies the signals later stages interpret.
Trait emotional intelligence: A self-perceived constellation of emotion-related dispositions and abilities within personality. It contrasts with ability models by measuring typical self-perceptions rather than maximal performance.
Howard Gardner: An American psychologist who proposed a theory of multiple intelligences, including interpersonal and intrapersonal forms. His framework made personal and social capacities visible alongside conventional academic abilities.
Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: A self-report measure assessing emotional and social competencies, developed by Reuven Bar-On. It illustrates a broad assessment approach that includes adaptive and interpersonal characteristics.
Incremental validity: The extent to which a measure predicts outcomes beyond information provided by existing measures. It tests whether emotional intelligence adds explanatory value beyond IQ and personality.

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