Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the tissue lining the uterus. Most cases are endometrioid carcinomas, but less common types differ in biology and behavior.

Endometrioid carcinoma: A carcinoma resembling endometrial glands, often associated with estrogen exposure and endometrial hyperplasia. It is the most common histologic type of endometrial cancer.
Postmenopausal bleeding: Vaginal bleeding occurring after menopause, with causes ranging from benign conditions to cancer. It is the presenting symptom in most cases of endometrial cancer.
Unopposed estrogen: Estrogen exposure without sufficient progesterone to counter its effects on responsive tissues. Prolonged exposure can promote endometrial proliferation and increase cancer risk.
Uterine sarcoma: A malignant tumor arising from uterine muscle or other supporting tissues rather than the endometrial lining. It is a distinct, generally less common group of uterine cancers.
Cancer survival rate: A statistical measure of the proportion of people alive after a specified period following a cancer diagnosis. Endometrial cancer outcomes vary strongly with stage and tumor biology.
Serous endometrial carcinoma: An aggressive endometrial carcinoma characterized commonly by abnormal p53 signaling and high-grade cells. This subtype can spread beyond the uterus despite limited visible uterine disease.
Endometrial biopsy: A procedure that removes a small sample of uterine lining for microscopic examination. It commonly establishes the diagnosis before definitive treatment.
Obesity: A chronic condition involving excess body fat that can impair health and alter hormone metabolism. Adipose tissue can increase estrogen exposure after menopause, raising endometrial cancer risk.
Cervical cancer: Cancer arising from the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Its site of origin, screening methods, and treatment differ from endometrial cancer.
Cancer prevention: Actions that reduce the likelihood of developing cancer or detect precancerous changes before invasion. Risk reduction and inherited-risk management can lower disease burden.

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